Steve's Notepad

Combine multiple PDF documents into one

2011-05-09T23:50:00.001+02:00

Just a quick one, as I now needed this for the second time and already didn't write it down the first time …

I found this when looking for a way to combine multiple PDF documents into one. You just need to

sudo apt-get install gs pdftk

gs -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOUTPUTFILE=combinedpdf.pdf -dBATCH 1.pdf 2.pdf 3.pdf

Pretty self explaining, so I'm gonna end early here.

Setting up my Kubuntu

2011-02-15T23:32:00.001+01:00

Just for the record, here's how I configure Kubuntu after installation:

install Firefox with the following add-ons:

install VirtualBox
System Settings: setup Social Desktop opendesktop.org
setup ssh public key authentication
setup Dropbox
setup Synergy+
setup BackupPC client:

sudo apt-get install rsync
edit /etc/default/rsync to include "RSYNC_ENABLE=true"
create /etc/rsyncd.conf
sudo chown root:root /etc/rsyncd.conf
create /etc/rsyncd.secrets
sudo chown root:root /etc/rsyncd.secrets
sudo chmod 600 /etc/rsyncd.secrets
sudo /etc/init.d/rsync start

setup Autostart

~/.dropbox-dist/dropboxd
/usr/bin/ssh-add (using ksshaskpass)
On desktop, mounting netbook drive: /usr/bin/sshfs eee1005.home.lan:/home/stefan/ /home/stefan/eee1005/
On desktop, Synergy+ server: /usr/bin/synergys
On netbook, Synergy+ client: /usr/bin/synergyc -f e521mk

setup Skype

Installed Linux on an SSD

2011-01-28T22:23:00.002+01:00

I have it up and running for some weeks now, I took the most simple approach possible described here: just create one partition on the SSD (I still have Grub on my HD) using

sudo fdisk -H 32 -S 32 /dev/sdg (choose first cylinder as 2, end cylinder as the default one) sudo mke2fs -t ext4 -E stripe-width=128 /dev/sdg1

when booting Kubuntu 10.10 from installation CD, then install from there.

No need to do any aligning calculations whatsoever. I even have /home, /tmp and /var on the SSD. There is quite some write activity in those directories, but then SSDs get cheaper and cheaper …

All that is left to do after installation is:

sudo apt-get install sysfsutils
sudo nano /etc/sysfs.conf
add the line block/sdf/queue/scheduler = noop at the end
sudo nano /etc/fstab
change the options for / to noatime,discard,data=ordered,errors=remount-ro

System performing abolutely great now!

Installing Linux on an SSD

2010-12-17T22:49:00.003+01:00

I've got myself an OCZ Vertex 2 60 GB for Christmas :-)

I'll document the process of how to configure, format and install Kubuntu 10.10 here. I've waited until this release, as starting from 2.6.33 Linux Kernel has built in TRIM support making best use of SSDs. I'll try to come up with the best setup for

installing Linux as single OS, so no dual booting
no RAID or LVM setup
keeping /home and /var on my existing HDD as these will be written to rather frequently

I'll make use of knowledge gained by filesystem developer Ted Ts'o and some other blogger regarding alignment considerations, the excellent Ubunti Wiki SSD checklist and the detailed blog entry on Aligning an SSD on Linux by Markus Ewald.

Now the fun can start …

Building NSIS on Linux amd64

2009-07-07T16:20:00.004+02:00

NSIS is an open source scriptable installer for creating Windows setup files that can also be run under Linux to produce .exes. You can even install it using sudo apt-get install nsis. But I needed a version that creates a log file when installing, so I had to compile from the sources myself. I faced some problems, as I didn't find any good documentation for an amd64 system, so here's what I did additionally to the steps described here:

sudo apt-get install g++ gcc-multilib g++-multilib

edit SCons/config.py and set the variable NSIS_CONFIG_LOG to yes

scons SKIPSTUBS=all SKIPPLUGINS=all SKIPUTILS=all SKIPMISC=all NSIS_CONFIG_CONST_DATA_PATH=no PREFIX=/home/stefan/opt/nsis-2.43 install-compiler

Unable to open PDFs in KPDF

2008-06-11T21:06:00.003+02:00

After installing the latest Adobe Reader directly from Adobe's site (I quickly uninstalled the version from Medibuntu again that I blogged about before, because I couldn't choose a german locale), I noticed I couldn't open my PDFs in KPDF anymore. I found some errors from AppArmor in /etc/messages, but according to Google they were not relevant. Than I found a post describing the same behaviour, noting that starting KPDF as root worked. I checked it, same with me.

When starting KPDF from the commandline, a warning is shown:

kpdf: WARNING: Unknown mimetype 'application/x-kdeuser1'.

This hints at the solution: Adobe Reader installation obviously messed up mime types, going to Konqueror -> Settings -> Configure Konqueror -> File Associations -> Known Types -> applications and deleting user x-kdeuser1 (I also had

x-kdeuser2) solved the problem.



Installing software from Medibuntu
2008-06-07T15:19:00.006+02:00
Here's how to install Skype and Adobe Reader via Adept Manager from Medibuntu:


in /etc/apt/sources.list add
## medibuntu
deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ hardy free non-free
deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ hardy free non-free

add the GPG key for medibuntu: wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O-
| sudo apt-key add -

update packages: sudo apt-get update


Now in Adept Manager just install Skype or Adobe Reader.


Deploying BIRT WebViewerExample in Tomcat 5.5
2008-01-25T22:45:00.000+01:00
When deploying the WebViewerExample of the BIRT runtime as documented, the viewer application didn't start correctly but gave a java.security.AccessControlException: access denied (java.io.FilePermission /var/lib/tomcat5.5/webapps/birt-viewer/documents
 write), because it couldn't create the documents directory in it's installation directory.

Some googling showed that the problem was that in Debian/Ubuntu Tomcat is started using the java security manager.  The solution given was to deactivate the security manager in /etc/init.d/tomcat5.5, but that didn't quite convince me.  I simply granted the web application all permissions by appending to /etc/tomcat5.5/policy.d/50user.policy:

grant codeBase "file:${catalina.base}/webapps/birt-viewer/-" {
    permission java.security.AllPermission;
};



Cleaning up packages
2008-01-18T07:36:00.000+01:00
Installing software in Kubuntu is really simple.  Just launch Adept Manager, select the package you want and install it.  The software is then installed automatically, as are any additional packages it depends upon.

Unfortunately, when removing the software again, any dependent packages that were installed automatically are not removed (Synaptic in Ubuntu is more intelligent, I wonder when Kubuntu will catch up here).

Recently, I learned about sudo apt-get autoremove and deborphan for cleaning up those packages that are no longer needed.


Multimedia Support in NoMachine NX
2008-01-17T22:02:00.000+01:00
I've finally found out how to enable sound when logged in an NX session, so I can remotely log in to my desktop computer (referred to as server in the description below), start up Amarok and hear music over the network (so far I've only tried it at home with 100 MBit LAN, when I look at the network traffic I doubt it will work via WLAN, let alone DSL …):


enable multimedia support for the NX session by clicking Configure … then going to the Services tab and activating the corresponding option, then log on to the server


on the server, go to System settings > Sound system > Hardware and select the Enlightened Sound Daemon (ESD) (I've translated the german text back to english, I don't know if it actually corresponds to an english Kubuntu)


go to System settings > Notifications > Replay settings … and select KDE sound system; now playing a sound for a notification should already work!


Start Amarok and go to Settings > Configure Amarok … > Audio output and select esd as output module; if it's not available, you must sudo apt-get install libxine1-gnome (I know, it looks like a strange package for Kubuntu/Amarok, but it contains the ESD output plugin for xine, Amarok's audio backend)




Now play some music in Amarok, you should hear it on the client where you started the NX session!
One more thing, it seems not to work when Amarok is automatically started when logging in (i.e. it was running when you logged out last time), in that case I quit Amarok, then log off from the NX session and start a new NX session.



Adding JDBC driver in BIRT
2008-01-03T09:47:00.000+01:00
I'm currently learning how to use BIRT, the open source Eclipse-based reporting system.  After working through the tutorial I tried to add my own database, and so had to provide a JDBC driver for it.  There are installation instructions on how to do it, but when testing the connection I always received org.eclipse.birt.report.data.oda.jdbc.JDBCException: Cannot load JDBC Driver class: org.sqlite.JDBC.

Only later I found a section in the online help where it says that the driver must be copied to a certain plugin directory first (/eclipse/plugins/org.eclipse.birt.report.data.oda.jdbc_2.0.0/drivers).

I've created an enhancement request for the installation instructions.
Update 2008-01-17: Obviously, it's not a bug but the effect of installing Eclipse in /opt with root ownership, and then starting Eclipse as a normal user.



VirtualBox and USB devices
2007-12-20T23:02:00.000+01:00
My parents bought a new panasonic camcorder, the software that came with it is Windows only of course.  So I tried to get it running in Wine, but the installer didn't get very far before hanging.  Next I installed VirtualBox, and installing the video software in a Windows 2000 hosted on VirtualBox worked just fine.

Unfortunately, Windows didn't see the camera's SD card that was attached via a USB adapter.  Some googling showed that USB support in VirtualBox is broken in Gutsy.  Here are the steps to get it working:


Edit /etc/init.d/mountdevsubfs.sh as root
, then activate the commented lines for making /proc/bus/usb work:

 mkdir -p /dev/bus/usb/.usbfs
 domount usbfs "" /dev/bus/usb/.usbfs -obusmode=0700,devmode=0600,listmode=0644
 ln -s .usbfs/devices /dev/bus/usb/devices
 mount --rbind /dev/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb


Save the file and run the script via sudo /etc/init.d/mountdevsubfs.sh

Edit /etc/fstab as root and add a line: 

none /proc/bus/usb usbfs devgid=XXXX,devmode=664 0 0

where XXXX is the gid for group vboxusers as defined in /etc/group

Save the file, then activate the changed configuration via sudo mount -a


When you start VirtualBox now, a USB controller can be activated in the settings for each virtual machine.


KNetworkManager doesn't support KPPP
2007-12-05T07:53:00.000+01:00
I've convinced my parents (mostly my father) that it would be easier for them to have Kubuntu on their new laptop than Vista.  They'll have to learn a new user interface anyway, but Kubuntu makes support for me much easiear (especially since I've learnt about the desktop sharing feature of NX).

So I've ordered a trusty Dell Inspiron 6400n like my wife has, but this time with Ubuntu 7.04 preinstalled.  Installation of Kubuntu 7.10 went smoothly, thanks to Dell's Ubuntu support even the internal modem is supported by a restricted driver.

But when using KPPP for making an internet connection, I was not able to brwose the internet using konqueror.  Firefox did work, so I set it up as default internet browser.

But some days later my father found out that he couldn't receive any mails in KMail, though checking with the web frontend I saw he had new mails.  There was no error message in KMail, it just said there were no new mails.

Some googling later I found a bug report and knew that KDE software like Konqueror and KMail rely on KNetworkManager to check wether they are in online or offline mode.  When it works, it's a great feature.  Unfortunately it doesn't work with some weird WLAN setups -- and with KPPP!

The easiest solution to get around this is to simpy quit KNetworkManager -- and make sure it doesn't automatically come up again on the next start.


Compiling source code
2007-11-22T22:21:00.000+01:00
I've found a kate plugin for sorting but had to compile it.  I had gcc installed but still ./configure told me that the ,,C compiler cannot create executables.''   I quickly found out that some packages for doing development stuff were still missing, so that was a quick fix.


libxine1-extracodecs is now libxine1-ffmpeg
2007-11-06T14:15:00.000+01:00
I've already posted about installing libxine-extracodecs in august and april. This is no longer true since Gutsy, now the package is libxine1-ffmpeg.

Actually, now there is a meta package kubuntu-restricted-extras with commonly used restricted packages which also contains libxine1-ffmpeg. I've not installed the meta package, since I didn't want Java6 to be installed, but I've installed most of the other packages contained.


Speeding up Konqueror
2007-11-02T23:53:00.001+01:00
Upgrading from Kubuntu Feisty to Gutsy didn't work for me, so I've installed Gutsy from scratch.  As Konqueror still was far slower than Firefox, especially for sites with many images like GMX or Xing, I started to search again for solutions.  Here's what I found out, and now Konqueror is nearly as fast as Firefox for me:

deactivate IPv6, otherwise IPv6 DNS queries will happen that can result in timeouts when some servers don't support it yet: append KDE_NO_IPV6=true to /etc/environment

install a local DNS cache, as Konqueror/KDE doesn't implement it (in contrast to Firefox): I'm using pdnsd, see here for installation instructions.

Konqueror uses a disk cache by default, the directory is /var/tmp/kdecache-username/http. I found out that the directory had root:root ownership for my installation, I have no idea how that happened. After chowning back to my user, the directory is now used as expected.




Installing Type1 fonts for OpenOffice
2007-10-08T00:27:00.001+02:00
My wife has a binary encoded Type1 font (a .pfb and a .pfm file) that contains symbols for guitar tab notation.  It came with some Windows software, and obviously in Windows the .pfb file and .pfm file are enough to use the font.

Right clicking the .pfb file in KDE let's you install the font, but it doesn't show up in OpenOffice's font selector. KWord on the other hand let's you use it.

After some googling I found out that OpenOffice in Linux needs an accompanying .afm file, and here's how to create the .afm file from the .pfb file:
Install t1lib, a library for generating character- and string-glyphs from Adobe Type 1 fonts: sudo apt-get install t1lib-bin

Go to the directory where the .pfb file was installed, e.g.: cd ~/.fonts

Create the .afm file, e.g.: type1afm fontfile.pfb


And that's all, starting OpenOffice should now show the font in the font selector.

Alternatively, the .afm file can go to a subdirectory named afm.


Automounting SD card in Feisty
2007-09-03T12:52:00.000+02:00
When I started using Kubuntu (Edgy and the first Feisty betas), the SD card I have for my Palm TX always was automagically automounted when I inserted it into my Dell's internal TEAC card reader.  But since using Feisty (final), it no longer works.  I thought it wasn't correctly recognised by the kernel, as there are some open launchpad entries regarding USB devices/card readers, but as I've found out now, this is not the case. Strangely enough, it still works when I insert a Compact Flash Card ...

After some googling, this is what works for me in Feisty:
Create an entry in /etc/fstab for the SD card device: /dev/sde1 /media/sd vfat user,noauto 0 0

Create a desktop device link (e.g. for a ZIP device) for the device, the mount point is then taken from /etc/fstab

Now the /etc/fstab entry can be removed again

That's all. Now you have an icon for the device on the desktop, to mount an SD card just insert it and open the icon. To unmount, open the context menu and select Eject.


2007-08-10T10:19:00.000+02:00
I've already posted about installing libxine-extracodecs, back then for enabling MP3 support in Amarok.

When forwarding a mail containing some funny WMV videos to my wife, we found out she couldn't watch them with Kaffeine while I could. As it turned out, installing libxine-extracodecs also solved this issue.


2007-06-29T14:19:00.000+02:00
When I installed Kubuntu on my wife's new laptop I entered her name for the initial user account. That results in uid and gid 1000 given to her user. On my desktop, my user has uid and gid 1000, her user has 1001 for both.  When exchanging files, even more when setting up an NFS server later, all users on the network should have the same uid and gid on all computers.

That's when I googled and came up with an excellent description for usermod and groupmod that help in that situation.

In addition, I found the -h parameter of chgrp and chown useful, so symbolic links get corrected too, not only the referenced files.


2007-06-20T21:45:00.000+02:00
When showing OpenOffice to my wife on her new Dell Inspiron 6400 (which I configured to be more or less the same as the Inspiron E1505n Dell offers in the US with Ubuntu 7.04 pre-installed, and Suzan also successfully upgraded to Ubuntu) I wondered that the Letter Wizard didn't work.  I remembered configuring OpenOffice to use  Sun's Java5 as JRE on my computer instead of the FSF 1.4.2 version already installed.

Obviously, the wizards do depend on Java, but it doesn't say you need Sun's Java or Java5 ...

So, after installing Sun's Java5 via adept and configuring OpenOffice to use that as JRE, it worked!


2007-04-23T23:06:00.000+02:00
So much has happened since my last post, but I haven't come around yet to to write down here what I originally had in mind.  But that doesn't matter anyway, as it didn't work out as I thought it would.
What I did back then: I installed Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft) on my old PC to run BackupPC on it, as my trusted old SCSI tape drive with it's 2 GB of uncompressed storage didn't seem like a good choice for backing up the 250 GB hard disc of my new PC.

Installing Ubuntu and BackupPC went smoothly, but when I tried to forward e-mails directed to my local account to my internet mail address, it got really tricky.  First, there was a bug in Edgy regarding /dev/urandom that made it impossible to authenticate at the SMTP server of my mail provider.  When I fixed that after googling around, I got stuck in trying to use that SMTP server as a mail relay for exim MTA.

By now, Debian 4.0 (Etch) is running as OS hosting BackupPC, and I've configured postfix to forward my local mails to my internet mail address (more on how to do that later, hopefully).

But now for today's piece of information: After being convinced by Ubuntu's usability by playing around with Edgy and Feisty (Beta), I'm currently in the process of switching to Kubuntu Feisty Fawn (7.04) as main OS.

Although Amarok seems to be considered as the KDE killer app by all, I wondered why it didn't add my MP3 files to my music collection.  Seems like Amarok has no MP3 support by default, and although for some users it seems to pop up a dialog offering to install it (I haven't seen it myself), but it doesn't.  And I thought Feisty would install potentially unfree codecs if you agreed to a dialog, doesn't seem to be the case for Kubuntu ...

The solution Google gave me: Just install libxine-extracodecs with adept or apt-get, that does the trick.



... and then there was blog!
2007-01-15T12:47:00.000+01:00
Yesterday evening I spent some hours in doing something which turned out to be really simple -- once you know how to do it. I googled around quite a bit, but never found the information I really needed. Others had documented how to do it already, but never in a way I could use directly. And to make the experience even better, I hit a bug and google only came up with contradicting workarounds that were not guarenteed to work.

While reflecting on all this today, I thought about mailing what I had found out the other day to some of the authors google cam up with so my hard gained knowledge would not get lost. But some of the pages were mailing list entries, so no chance to add text there.

What about writing it down on a piece of paper and putting it on my desk? I might find it again one day when I need it, but as long as google doesn't index my desk, no one else can use it.

So today, when surfing the net in my lunch break and reading an article where the author referred to his blog I had an idea. When I put my knowledge in a blog, I can find it again when I need it, and so anyone else using google with the right keywords.

Registering for this blog was the easy part, now let's see how long it will take me to actually add useful information ...